The Stone age And Earliest Societies

The Stone age And Earliest Societies.

the stone age and earliest societies 

The stone age

The main object used by early humans was stone. They depended on stones for their survival that is this period is called stone age on the basis of the development of the different stone tools, anthropologists have divided the stone age into different stages. The stone age is classified into three sub-period on the basis of the type and quality of the stone tool used by early humans

1.Paleolithic age or old stone age

2.Mesolithic age or middle stone age

3.Neolithic age or new stone age.

the Palaeolithic age

It is considered that the evolution of mankind started in this period. It roughly began around 500,000 BC and ended around 10,000B. This period is further subdivided into three phases on the basis of change in climate and stones tools used.

Three divisions as follows.

1 .lower Palaeolithic age or early stone age

2 .middle Palaeolithic age or middle old stone age

3 .upper Palaeolithic age or upper old stone age

Lower Palaeolithic age

This age is considered as the formative age. During this age, many parts of the earth were covered heavily with ice and the climate was extremely cold. Geologists define this “cold period” as an ice age or the Pleistocene period.

The most tool of this age was the hand ax, which was mainly used for chopping trees and hunting animals. Therefore, these tools are known as choppers. In India, this tool was mainly found in Punjab and on the bank of the river Narmada and the Madhya Pradesh.

Middle Palaeolithic age

The main tool of this period were the different types of borers and scrapers made of the stones. These tools have been found from different places India that include the bank of the river Narmada in Madhya Pradesh and the soan valley in Punjab

Upper Palaeolithic age

Upper Palaeolithic age is the final phase of the ice age. This age ended just at the onset of agriculture. During this age, The climate changed dramatically. From cold it becomes warm. The tools used by humans during this age were blades and burins.

Discovery of fires

During this period, early humans learned to light fires. It was one of the greatest discoveries made by early humans. The early human knew about fires. They saw natural fires such as forest fires. But they did not know how to light a fire on their own.

Perhaps, two stone rubbed together producing sparks and the sparks fell on some dry leaves lying nearby. Or perhaps, lightning struck trees, and it went up in flames. Early humans soon discovered that they could use fires to keep themselves warm in cold and to scare away wild animals.

They discovered that the flesh of animals tasted better when heated on fires and learned cooking.

The Mesolithic Age

The Mesolithic age started around the 10,000BC and ended around the 8,000BC. The climate changed and becomes dry and warm. Humans of this age developed small, sharps, pointed stone tools called Microliths.

The Neolithic age

This period lasted from about 8,000BC to 4,000BC. The tools of this new stone age were more advanced than earlier age tools, much sharper than the tools of the Mesolithic period. They sparkled due to the polishing technique used over them. Tools of this period were ax, sickles, spears, and arrowheads.  



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