introduction microorganism

introduction microorganism 

NUMEROUS tiny Organisms are present in the soil, water, and air. They are so small that we cannot see them with the unaided eye. We can see them only with the help of a microscope. These organisms are called microorganisms or microbes.

The study of microorganisms is called microbiology and the scientists who study microorganisms are called microbiologists.

BACTERIA

bacteria

BACTERIA is the smallest and the oldest known as the unicellular organisms on the planet on the earth. Although bacteria are mostly present as a singled celled microorganism, sometimes they live in a group called colonies. They can be found almost everywhere such as air, water, and even food. Some bacteria are useful while some can be very harmful. Harmful bacteria when entering our body through air or water, cause diseases like cholera and typhoid. Bacteria can found in different shapes such as bacilli [road shaped] bacteria, cocci[spherical] and spirilla [spril].

ALGAE

algae

Algae re the plant-like microorganisms. They can exit as the unicellular or multicellular organisms. They contain cell and chlorophyll, they can photosynthesize. Some algae have color pigments like green and blue. therefore, based on the color of the pigment present on the algae. They can be classified into different categories such as green algae, green algae, and blue-green algae. Some examples of algae is Spirogyra, seaweeds, Chlamydomonas, volvox, chlorella, and diatoms.

FUNGI

fungi

Fungi are the nongreen organisms with bodies usually made up of thread-like structures. They made up of unicellular or multicellular, and they are formed in warm, and moist places. It can be heterotrophic, saprophytic or parasitic in nutrition. Some common examples of fungi are yeast( used in bakeries), Rhizopus (the bread mold), Agaricus ( mushroom) and penicillium.

PROTOZOA

protozoa

protozoa These are unicellular microscopic organisms similar to animals that can move about to capture food and are heterotrophic in nature. They are mostly aquatic in nature. They can occur in colonies. Some are parasitic such as Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans while some play an important role in keeping water safe for drinking. Some other common examples are Paramecium, Trypanosoma and Amoeba.

VIRUSES

viruses

Most of us have suffered from viral fever and flu or the common cold. They are caused by a group of extremely tiny viruses. Viruses can only be seen with a special microscope called an electron microscope as they are even smaller than bacteria.

They do not have any particular cell structure. Viruses can reproduce only inside the bodies of other organisms which means they need a host. A virus is like a non-living thing outside the body of other organisms. Therefore, most scientists believe that it is on the borderline between living and non-living things.

Viruses cause diseases in both plants and animals. The tobacco mosaic virus is an example of a plant virus. In animals and humans, they may cause diseases such as avian flu, polio, and swine flu. Some viruses can even infect bacteria. These viruses are called bacteriophages.

         



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